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The primary benefit of moving to 64-bit is the increase in the maximum allocatable system memory

(RAM). A single process on a 32-bit Windows operating system is limited to a total of 3.2 GB, which

is typically equally divided between kernel and application usage. Windows XP x64 can support much

more memory; although the theoretical memory limit a 64-bit computer can address is about 16

exabytes, Windows XP x64 is limited to 128 GB of physical memory and 16 terabytes of virtual memory.

64-bit processors calculate particular tasks (such as factorials of large figures) two times faster

than working in 32-bit environments (given example is derived from comparison between 32-bit and

64-bit Calculator, noticeable for factorial of say 100 000). This gives a general feeling of

theoretical possibilities of 64-bit optimized applications.

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows XP 64-bit Edition Version 2003 are the only releases

of Windows XP to include Internet Information Services 6.0, which matches the version shipped with

Windows Server 2003; other versions of XP include 5.1.

64-bit versions of Windows XP are also immune to certain types of 32-bit viruses such as rootkits,

as most system files are 64-bit. Spyware and other malware may still run on both 32-bit and 64-bit.

The extra registers of the x86-64 architecture can result in performance improvements in certain

kinds of applications.